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Track 21: Oral Cancers

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Track 21: Oral Cancers

Oral Cancers: Understanding, Detecting, and Preventing a Silent Threat

Oral cancer encompasses a range of malignant tumors that develop in the tissues of the oral cavity and oropharynx. It includes cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, gums, hard and soft palate, tonsils, and throat.

🔍 Epidemiology & Impact

  • Oral cancer is one of the top 10 most common cancers worldwide.

  • It has a higher mortality rate than many other cancers due to late-stage diagnosis.

  • Early detection significantly improves survival, with a 5-year survival rate over 80% if caught early, compared to 20–30% in late stages.

⚠️ Major Risk Factors

  1. Tobacco use (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, snuff)

  2. Excessive alcohol consumption

  3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV-16), particularly linked to oropharyngeal cancers

  4. Prolonged sun exposure (especially for lip cancer)

  5. Poor diet low in fruits and vegetables

  6. Chronic irritation from ill-fitting dentures or sharp teeth

  7. Genetic predisposition

🧪 Symptoms to Watch For

  • Persistent ulcers or sores in the mouth (lasting >2 weeks)

  • Red or white patches (erythroplakia or leukoplakia)

  • A lump, thickening, or rough spot

  • Difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or speaking

  • Numbness or pain in the mouth or lips

  • Loose teeth without a dental cause

  • Changes in voice or a persistent sore throat

🧫 Diagnosis

  • Clinical examination and visual inspection

  • Biopsy of any suspicious lesion

  • Imaging: MRI, CT scan, or PET for staging

  • HPV testing for oropharyngeal cancers

🩺 Treatment Options

  • Surgery: Removal of tumors or affected tissue

  • Radiation therapy: Often used post-surgery

  • Chemotherapy: For advanced or metastatic cases

  • Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: Emerging approaches for specific cancer types

  • Rehabilitation: Speech therapy, reconstructive surgery, and psychological support

🛡️ Prevention & Early Detection

  • Avoid tobacco and alcohol

  • Regular oral cancer screenings during dental checkups

  • Vaccinate against HPV

  • Use lip balm with SPF

  • Maintain good oral hygiene and diet

🗣️ Role of Dentists & Healthcare Providers

Dentists are on the front line of oral cancer detection. Routine screening exams can catch precancerous changes early. Educating patients about symptoms and risk factors is crucial for prevention and timely diagnosis.


Summary:
Oral cancer is preventable, detectable, and treatable—especially when caught early. Integrating regular screenings into dental visits and promoting awareness can save lives.